TIBIAL TORSION

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Abstract
1. The normal adult tibia exhibits about 20 degrees of external torsion. 2. Extremes of tibial torsion, internal or external, if permitted to persist, produce handicapped members of our adult society. 3. Infants and pre-school-age children have less external rotation than adults. 4. Normal developmental changes do not correct extremes of torsion to any great extent, especially in school-age children. 5. Positions and other attitudes of posture will produce rotational changes in the tibiae, depending upon the direction of the rotary stress applied. 6. Correction of these deformities is possible in the growth period by the application a simple night splint, which produces a rotational stress in a direction opposite to that the deformity. 7. Deformities which are present at three years of age or older should be corrected that age; younger children with torsional deformity should be observed in order to determine what compensatory changes may occur.

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