INTER AND INTRATISSUE COMMUNICATION DURING AMPHIBIAN DEVELOPMENT*

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Abstract
The changes of electrical communication between various tissues of the newt (C. pyrrhogaster) embryo during development were investigated by measuring electrotonic potentials at various interelectrode distances. In general, cells of the same tissue are electrically coupled from gastrulation up to closure of the neural tube. Notochordal cells are an exception in that cell coupling decreases during stages 22-23 in comparison to earlier stages. Neuroectoderm cells are coupled to adjacent chorda-mesoderm cells during the initial stages of gastrulation (st. [stage] 12c). Subsequently coupling of these tissues diminishes (st. 15-16) and finally disappears (st. 22-23). The similar decrease of coupling was observed in inter-tissues of the chorda-mesoderm cells and the somitic mesoderm cells during the mesodermal differentiation. Coupling values of less than 0.1 recorded between somite cells and cells of the neural tube or epidermis still remain at st. 22-23. The neural plate cells remain coupled to the lateral ectoderm cells at st. 18 and then become insulated from the epidermis by st. 22-23, even though a coupling ratio of 0.1 remains between these tissues. These developmental patterns of coupling are discussed with respect to cellular movements of neuroectoderm and mesoderm during gastrulation, and with special reference to neural competence.