Expression of DNA ligase genes by ram spermatid nuclei and RNA in amphibian eggs

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Abstract
During animal development and gametogenesis two DNA ligases are found and successively expressed. In this study the two DNA ligases present in the axolotl egg and the two ligases present during ram sperm cell maturation were distinguished by biochemical and immunological methods. The expression of the genes for the heavy and light ram DNA ligases has been studied using transplantation of spermatid and sperm nuclei in axolotl eggs. We found that ram DNA ligases were expressed in axolotl egg cytoplasm. The exclusion phenomenon between the heavy and light form of DNA ligase is species-specific and involves a cytoplasmic mediator. In the transplanted ram germ cell nuclei the heavy ram DNA ligase expression was found to be sensitive to inhibitors of transcription while the light one was not. When mRNA was used, no exclusion process was observed and both the heavy and light enzyme expression were sensitive to cycloheximide and not to aamanitin. These results are discussed in terms of the possible stability of the gene-regulated state following nuclear transfer.