Effects of metabolic state on sweet taste reactivity in humans depend on underlying hedonic response profile

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Abstract
The effects of metabolic state on sweet perception were measured using a ‘sip-and-spit’ procedure. Subjects rated the intensity and hedonic value of different sucrose concentrations while sated and while deprived of food for 18 h. The amount of solution sipped was also measured. The effect of metabolic state changes on sweet reactivity depended upon the subject's underlying hedonic response to sweet. Subjects could be classified into two major categories: sweet likers (i.e. increasing liking with increasing concentration) and sweet dislikers (i.e. decreasing liking with increasing concentration). Metabolic state changes did not alter sweet intensity ratings in either sweet likers or sweet dislikers. For sweet likers, the hedonic value of sweet did not change across states. In contrast, sweet dislikers showed an attenuated dislike for concentrated sucrose when deprived. Sweet dislikers also sipped less solution when sated than deprived; sweet likers showed no change. Thus, metabolic state affected the hedonic value of sweet, and its intake, for only those individuals predisposed to dislike sweet. The relationships among perceptions of sweet intensity, sweet hedonics, and amount sipped, are discussed.

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