Estrogen Induction of Fatty Liver in Dairy Cattle

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Abstract
Two trials were conducted to determine if estrogen contributes to development of fatty liver in dairy cattle. During trial 1, eight late lactation, nonpregnant cows were assigned to 0 or 15 mg estradiol-17.beta. benzoate/d treatment. Days 1 to 3 of the trial were for baseline measurements, and treatments were given from d 4 to 21; on d 20 and 21 animals were fasted. Short-term feed deprivation resulted in increased plasma FFA concentrations and rapid accumulation of triglyceride into liver tissue obtained by biopsy. During starvation, plasma FFA concentration and liver triglyceride content were lower for cows receiving the estradiol-17.beta. treatment relative to cows receiving control treatment. Very low density lipoprotein concentration in blood increased dramatically in three of four animals during estradiol-17.beta. administration. Because of the decrease in milk production during estradiol-17.beta. treatment, it was not known whether this represented a decrease in very low density lipoprotein clearance from blood or reflected a lipotropic response to estradiol-17.beta.. Therefore, a second trial was conducted employing nonlactating cows, and control and estradiol-17.beta.-treated animals were pair fed. The trial was 33 d with d 1 to 3 for baseline measurements, and treatments were administered from d 4 to 33. All animals were starved from d 19 to 23. Estradiol-17.beta. increased hepatic lipid and triglyceride accumulation and plasma very low density lipoprotein concentration during starvation. Plasma FFA concentration was also increased by estradiol-17.beta. during this time; therefore, a direct or indirect effect of estrogen on hepatic lipid metabolism could not be delineated.

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