Abstract
A xenophyophore found just below the surface of a box core of modern deep-sea sediment from the Japan Trench has a threadlike plasma body that extends through horizontal, anastomosing networks of organically bound sediment tubes (the organism's test). The tubes resemble some of the polygonal networks of the trace fossil Paleodictyon . Such xenophyophores may be the makers of Paleodictyon , and the complex, regular geometry of Paleodictyon may be determined by the xenophyophore's anastomosing body shape.

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