TEST OF THREE INDIRECT METHODS OF MEASURING DEPTH OF FROST

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Abstract
Depth of bonded frost penetration was measured by 4 methods: change in resistance of soil moisture blocks; temperature as measured by thermistors; Soiltest frostmeters; and a modified frost penetrometer. The direct reading penetrometer, which was found to be fast and accurate, was used as a check on the indirect methods. Resistance-block determinations agreed well with the penetrometer measurements. Variable temperatures in the frozen layer lead to the conclusion that temperature alone is a poor indicator of frozen soil. The frost-meter was found to be unreliable as a scientific instrument.

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