Time orientation and psychotherapy in the ghetto

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Abstract
The ghetto resident''s concern with immediate real and psychological survival leads to what Kluckhohn called a present-time cultural value orientation, in contrast to the middle-class time orientation, which values preparation for the future. Several aspects of the psychotherapy of ghetto patients were studied in the light of this difference: evaluating patients for long-term psychotherapy, understanding precipitating factors and understanding the nature and urgency of patients'' communications. Middle-class therapists often misinterpret patient behaviors as expressions of impulse rather than of culturally determined expectations that are projected onto the therapist.

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