Nucleation in Liquid Sulfur Droplets

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Abstract
The freezing behavior of supercooled liquid sulfur droplets were studied by means of a microscopic method. The number fraction of the solidified droplets in the experiments of continuous cooling on well-purified sulfur was only about 15% over the temperature range from 120°C to −70°C at the cooling rate of 0.20°C/min, and no abruptly discontinuous nucleation was found in these supercooling temperatures. The number fractions of the solidified droplets were found to be related to their volumes below −20°C. The nucleations in the well-purified liquid surfur droplets were confirmed to be a homogeneous process under these conditions. The specific nucleation rates per unit of volume were estimated to be 0.450, 1.13, and 1.16 cm−3sec−1 at the specified temperatures of −20, −40, and −50°C respectively. The dependences of (lnI+ΔFA⁄kT) on 1⁄(ΔT)2T obeyed the theory of Turnbull and Fisher. The interfacial free energy of sulfur at the liquid-crystal surface was estimated to be 12.1 erg/cm2; this value was considered to be an appropriate one according to the Zadumkin consideration.

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