CARDIORESPIRATORY, SYMPATHETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES TO T-2 TOXIN IN THE GUINEA-PIG AND RAT

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Abstract
The cardiorespiratory, sympathetic and biochemical effects of T-2 toxin were examined in conscious rats and guinea pigs. Pithed rat preparation was used to evaluate possible direct effects of T-2 on the heart and vasculature. Injection of T-2 (0.5-2.0 mg/kg i.v.) into conscious rats produced prolonged (6-8 h) hypertension and tachycardia, followed by hypotension. Total peripheral resistance was increased and cardiac output decreased. In guinea pigs, a steady decrease in pressure and rate occurred. I.v. administration of T-2 to pithed rats did not alter blood pressure or heart rate at a time when, in conscious rats, both blood pressure and heart rate were increased. Significant elevations of arterial plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine occurred after T-2, with metabolic acidosis, hypocarbia and hyperoxemia in both conscious rats and guinea pigs. In the rat, increase in plasma vasopressin and prostacyclin were elevated, but thromboxane and leukotriene C4-immunoreactivity were not changed. In pithed rats, T-2 did not increase basal or stimulated plasma catecholamines but produced the same changes in blood gases, pH and lactate. The LD50 values for i.v. T-2 in the rat and guinea pig were 0.74 and 1.30 mg/kg, respectively. T-2 toxin disrupts cellular aerobic metabolism, resulting in lactic acidosis, sympathoadrenomedullary activation, variable initial circulatory responses and eventual cardiovascular collapse.