Acute Fatal Pneumothorax in Canine Dirofilariasis

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Abstract
Acute fatal pneumothorax was found in 15 dogs submitted for autopsy and 1 dog successfully treated; most had suffered from marked respiratory distress. All 16 dogs harbored Dirofilaria immitis. Eight of them had never been subjected to the eliminative treatment of heartworm. A pulmonary cavity developed in the dorsal basal segment of the diaphragmatic lobe and was accompanied with perforation, which led to the formation of a bronchopleural fistula, in the right lung of 15 dogs and in the left lung of 1 dog. Histopathologically, these changes were divided into 3 types: suppurative cavity, thin wall cavity and subpleural scarring emphysema. There were transitional forms among the 3 types. The pulmonary arteries in the vicinity of these lesions were frequently affected with embolism by dead heartworm, thrombosis and obstructive proliferation of fibrous tissue.

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