Fv fragment-mediated crystallization of the membrane protein bacterial cytochrome c oxidase

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Abstract
Crystallization of membrane proteins, a prerequisite for their X-ray crystallographic analysis, remains difficult. Here, we demonstrate that the crystallization of the cytochrome c oxidase from Paracoccus denitrificans can be mediated by co-crystallization with an antibody Fv fragment. The crystals obtained contain all four subunits of this membrane protein complex and the Fv fragment. The approach of co-crystallizing membrane proteins with antibody fragments should be useful in obtaining well-ordered crystals of membrane proteins in general.