The Cost of Hospitalization for the Late Complications of Diabetes in the United States

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Abstract
Estimates of the cost of diabetes should take into account the development of complications. Patient records identified from the 1987 National Hospital Discharge Survey were used to evaluate the risk of hospitalization due to late complications. Hospitalization for diabetic nephropathy reached a peak of 6.74/1000 between the ages of 45 and 54 years, compared to 0.14 to 1.80/1000 in controls. Diabetic patients ≥ 45 years of age were 46 times more likely to be hospitalized due to neuropathy. The risk of cardiovascular complications is high, with a greater incidence of arterial than venous disorders. Diabetic patients were 22 times more likely to be admitted for skin ulcers/gangrene, 15 times more likely due to peripheral vascular disease, and 10 times due to atherosclerosis. The risk of cerebrovascular accident and heart disease was 6 to 10 times greater in diabetic patients. Seventy-five per cent of diabetic cardiovascular disorders are myocardial infarction or chronic ischaemia. Hospitalization from renal complications occurs at younger ages than in the general population. Ophthalmic complications increase with age. Diabetic complications account for 2% of the total hospital admissions in the US in 1987. The total cost of the treatment of late diabetic complications was estimated at $5091 million (cardiovascular 74%; renal diseases 10%; nephropathy 3.6%; ophthalmic disorders 1.5%; other unspecified diseases 10%).