Impact of an oil field effluent on microbial activities in a Wyoming river

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Abstract
The survival, functions, and physiological diversity of autochthonous sediment microbiota were examined in situ at five stations along the Little Popo Agie River, WY; one station above, one at, and three below a discharge point for oil wastewater from Union Oil Company's Dallas Field. Below the oil wastewater discharge point there were increases in electron-transport activity, carbon dioxide production, and microbial populations of heterotrophs, ammonifiers, hexadecane degraders, starch hydrolyzers, protein hydrolyzers, and sulfate reducers. At a station 1420 m below the discharge point, however, overall sediment microbial activities and all of the physiological groups of bacteria, except hexadecane-degrading microbiota, were at levels comparable with those at the control station above the discharge point. Similarly, mineralization of glucose, amino acids, hexanoic acid, and hexadecane was elevated at stations directly below the discharge point, but appeared to subside rapidly. Xenobiotic biodegradation potential of the sediments varied with the chemical and the sample location and was not directly related to oil residue levels in the sediment. Microorganisms thus appeared to maintain physiological diversity and increased in numbers and activity in a riverine environment that contained petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations known to be deleterious to freshwater fish and macrobenthic communities.