Characterization ofFerroplasmaIsolates andFerroplasma acidarmanussp. nov., Extreme Acidophiles from Acid Mine Drainage and Industrial Bioleaching Environments

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Abstract
Three recently isolated extremely acidophilic archaeal strains have been shown to be phylogenetically similar toFerroplasma acidiphilumYTby 16S rRNA gene sequencing. All fourFerroplasmaisolates were capable of growing chemoorganotrophically on yeast extract or a range of sugars and chemomixotrophically on ferrous iron and yeast extract or sugars, and isolate “Ferroplasma acidarmanus” Fer1Trequired much higher levels of organic carbon. All four isolates were facultative anaerobes, coupling chemoorganotrophic growth on yeast extract to the reduction of ferric iron. The temperature optima for the four isolates were between 35 and 42°C and the pH optima were 1.0 to 1.7, and “F. acidarmanus” Fer1Twas capable of growing at pH 0. The optimum yeast extract concentration for “F. acidarmanus” Fer1Twas higher than that for the other three isolates. Phenotypic results suggested that isolate “F. acidarmanus” Fer1Tis of a different species than the other three strains, and 16S rRNA sequence data, DNA-DNA similarity values, and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profiles clearly showed that strains DR1, MT17, and YTgroup as a single species. “F. acidarmanus” Fer1Tgroups separately, and we propose the new species “F. acidarmanus” Fer1Tsp. nov.

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