Abstract
The present world population of 6 billion will reach 8 billion by 2020 and 9.4 billion by 2050. By then, the population will have increased by another 575 million in India, 300 million in China, 200 million in Nigeria, 200 million in Pakistan, and 140 million in Ethiopia. Of the total world population, 8.2 billion will live in developing countries, of which 3 billion will reside in arid and semiarid environments. Thus, soil management challenges for developing countries include achieving food security with minimal risks to environment given per capita land area decreasing to