The independence on preload and afterload of the contraction variable for the heart muscle. Thermodynamic and clinical consequences

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Abstract
The time dependence of the contraction variable (Qc) for dog hearts was found to be largely independent of preload and afterload. This appears to make its clinical determination by pressure‐volume measurements not unfeasible and could have important diagnostic consequences. The independence of the function Qc=?c(t) on the deformation variable (Q) led also to the derivation of some thermodynamic formulas for this contractile material.