Abstract
The paper demonstrates the equivalence of bilinear chains and matrix multiplication algorithms which do not assume commutativity of multiplication. This equivalence is exploited to obtain the main symmetry result, that the same lower bound on the number of multiplications required to compute each of the six matrix products of the form (m × n n × p n × m m × p p × m m × n m × p p × n n × p p × m) holds. An example is given to illustrate the technique of constructing algorithms for computing (m,n,p) and (p, m, n) niarix products from any given algorithm for computing an (m,n,p) matrix product. Finally, the main theorem is used to obtain a newj lower bound on the coniplexity of general matrix multiplication.

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