HUMIC-FULVIC ACID RELATIONSHIPS IN ORGANIC SOILS AND HUMIFICATION OF THE ORGANIC MATTER IN THESE SOILS

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Abstract
Twenty organic-soil samples of widely differing degrees of decomposition were extracted with 0.5 N NaOH solution under N2. Amounts of humic and of fulvic acids in the acidified extracts did not correlate significantly with pyrophosphate solubilities. This was thought to be due to interference in the separation scheme by relatively large amounts of ash constituents in the extracts. Since the "classical" fractionation of soil organic matter appears to involve essentially the "salting out" of higher molecular-weight humic from lower molecular-weight fulvic acids, an excessively high salt concentration during the separation should be avoided.To lower the concentration of inorganic constituents in the extracts, the samples were first pretreated with dilute HCl–HF solution and then extracted with 0.1 N NaOH rather than with 0.5 N NaOH. Under these conditions, amounts of fulvic acids in the acidified extracts showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.52) with pyrophosphate solubilities of untreated extracts, whereas amounts of humic acids in the extracts exhibited a highly negative correlation (r = −0.57) with pyrophosphate solubilities. In the soils examined, increased humification was associated with increases in fulvic-acid but decreases in humic-acid concentrations.From the results of this and of earlier investigations done in this laboratory it appeared that the main mechanism governing humification in these soils was oxidative degradation, resulting ultimately in the formation of fulvic from humic acid.