Forms of Glacial Relief of Spitsbergen Glaciers

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Abstract
Results are given of radio echo‐sounding of 53 glaciers of different sizes and glaciological regimes during 1974–75 and 1977–79 in Spitsbergen. Mountain glaciers have maximum ice thicknesses ranging from 90 to 350 m. Thicknesses up to 165 m, as well as the presence of overdeepened sections of the bed and subglacial ridges up to 100 m high are typical. Other glaciers have ice thickness values of up to 500 m (e.g. Veteranen) but on some sections of glaciers and ice caps depressions in the bed with ice thicknesses reaching 540 m have been found, which exceed the “background” thickness by 200 to 400 m. Subglacial relief of Vestfonna, Nordaustlandet, is very rough in its outer region but is rather smooth in the central part beneath the ice dome, where ice thickness reaches 385 m. Multiple correlation analysis of 15 glaciers indicates a number of significant relationships between the area of terminal and lateral moraines of glaciers and length, area, and, consequently, volume.

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