Synthesis and Characterization of Water-Soluble 1,2-Bis(bis(hydroxyalkyl)phosphino)ethane Ligands and Their Nickel(II), Ruthenium(III), and Rhodium(I) Complexes

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Abstract
The syntheses of the water-soluble, chelating phosphines 1,2-bis(bis(hydroxybutyl)phosphino)ethane (1, n = 3; DHBuPE) and 1,2-bis(bis(hydroxypentyl)phosphino)ethane (1, n = 4; DHPePE) are reported. These ligands (and, in general, other 1,2-bis(bis(hydroxyalkyl)phosphino)ethane ligands) can be used to impart water solubility to metal complexes. As examples of this, the [Ni(DHPrPE)2Cl]Cl (2), [Rh(DHPrPE)2][Cl] (3), and [Ru(DHBuPE)2Cl2][Cl] (4) complexes were synthesized; they are indeed soluble in water (>0.5 M). Crystals of DHPrPE (1, n = 2) are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 9.5935(8) Å, b = 9.353(2) Å, c = 10.655(2) Å, α = 90°, β = 100.03(1)°, γ = 90, V = 941.5(5) Å3, R = 0.051, and Z = 2. Crystals of [Ni(DHPrPE)2Cl]Cl (2) are monoclinic, space group I2, with a = 15.951(3) Å, b = 11.454(2) Å, c = 20.843(3) Å, α = 90°, β = 91.24(2)°, γ = 90°, V = 3807(2) Å3, R = 0.062, and Z = 4. Crystals of [Rh(DHPrPE)2][Cl] (3) are triclinic, space group P1̄, with a = 13.900(2) Å, b = 15.378(2) Å, c = 18.058(2) Å, α = 87.71(1)°, β = 75.03(1)°, γ = 85.24(1), V = 3715(2) Å3, R = 0.044, and Z = 4. Crystals of [Ru(DHBuPE)2Cl2][Cl] (4) are monoclinic, space group C2/c, with a = 14.310(2) Å, b = 21.630(2) Å, c = 15.459(3) Å, α = 90°, β = 99.83(1)°, γ = 90, V = 4715(1) Å3, R = 0.056, and Z = 4.

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