The sound generated by propagating cracks in sea ice

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Abstract
Observations of the sound generated by ice cracking events in the Amundsen Gulf provide an opportunity for studying the mechanisms of the generation and propagation of acoustic signals beneath the Arctic ice cover. Contributions from waves traveling in the ice (longitudinal waves) are identified and shown to be small compared to the direct acoustic wave. Both high-frequency (∼5 kHz) and base-band (200–300 Hz) components occur and are interpreted in terms of a moving source model modulated by the ‘‘slip-stick’’ process considered in earthquake mechanics. It is shown that the high- and low-frequency components can be related to the vertical and horizontal length scales of the crack.

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