Bias effects in laser Doppler anemometry

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Abstract
The authors quantify the magnitude of the velocity and photomultiplier bias effects when taken together and show, for a range of flows and two instrumentation arrangements, that their neglect can result in insignificant error. Thus, both error sources can be of similar importance and the combined error is reported and discussed as a function of the relationship between three time scales. The optical arrangements are typical of many in use today and the counter and frequency analysed used to process the photomultiplier signals have features which are also common in present practice. The water and air flows were chosen to encompass a wide range of turbulence intensities and particle concentrations.

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