Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of the Surfaces of Artificial Hearts

Abstract
The surface changes seen in artificial hearts implanted in calves for periods up to 4 mo. were summarized. Fabrication defects and degradation due to wear were identified. SEM [scanning electron microscope] evaluation of the blood contacting surface and the surface of the diaphragm associated with the drive mechanism revealed potential problems with current heart designs and methods of fabrication. Materials evaluation of implanted hearts is crucial for a clinically useful system to evolve.