On the expansion of ionospheric plasma into the near‐wake of the space shuttle orbiter

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Abstract
During the Spacelab 2 mission, while the Plasma Diagnostics Package was attached to the Remote Manipulator System, differential ion vector measurements were obtained in the near wake at a distance of 4‐5 Shuttle radii. The Orbiter's wake was found to fill in at a much faster rate than can be explained by simple thermal motion. The measurements strongly suggest that filling of the Orbiter's wake is produced by the process of "collisionless plasma expansion into a vacuum" and that, for oblique angles of the magnetic field and velocity vectors, the near wake plasma depletion a few radii downstream is not sensitive to the body scale size.