Physical mapping of repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences in Escherichia coli and phylogenetic distribution among Escherichia coli strains and other enteric bacteria

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Abstract
Repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) sequences are highly conserved inverted repeat sequences originally discovered in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. We have physically mapped these sequences in the E. coli genome by using Southern hybridization of an ordered phage bank of E. coli (Y. Kohara, K. Akiyama, and K. Isono, Cell 50:495-508, 1987) with generic REP probes derived from the REP consensus sequence. The set of REP probe-hybridizing clones was correlated with a set of clones expected to contain REP sequences on the basis of computer searches. We also show that a generic REP probe can be used in Southern hybridization to analyze genomic DNA digested with restriction enzymes to determine genetic relatedness among natural isolates of E. coli. A search for these sequences in other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae shows a consistent correlation between both the number of occurrences and the hybridization strength and genealogical relationship.