RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN β-AMYLASE POLYMORPHISMS IN DEVELOPING, MATURE AND GERMINATING GRAINS OF BARLEY

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Abstract
A β-amylase polymorphism (electrophoretic forms Sd1 and Sd2) in barley malt is shown to be closely associated with the proportion of free to total (free plus latent) β-amylase, but not with the level of total β-amylase in the mature grains of 46 cultivars. All of the cultivars with Sd1 malts have a proportion of free β-amylase less than 50% (usually from 30% to 40%) of total whereas Sd2 types have free to total β-amylase (F/T) ratios greater than 50% (usually between 62% and 78%). These polymorphisms are also correlated with forms of β-amylase in the developing grain, although, in the latter, Sd1 cultivars can be divided into two types, Sdd and Sde which cannot be distinguished either in malts or on the basis of F/T ratio. Unusual F/T ratios of an intermediate type (approximately 50%) and a very low type (under 30%) also occurred in these experiments. These may result from environmental effects or may be new genetic types.

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