NO ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MITOCHONDRIAL DNA HAPLOTYPES AND A FEMALE-LIMITED MIMICRY PHENOTYPE IN PAPILIO GLAUCUS

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Abstract
Alternative alleles at a locus on the W chromosome of Papilio glaucus (causing dark or yellow wing colors, respectively) underlie a female-limited mimicry polymorphism thought to be maintained by balancing selection. In species with heterogametic females (i.e., the ZZ-male/ZW-female sex chromosome system), the mitochondrial DNA and the W chromosome are genetically linked because they are both maternally transmitted. We investigate the association of COI and COII mitochondrial DNA haplotypes with alternative W-linked phenotypes. Surprisingly, we find no congruence between mitochondrial DNA genealogies and inferred W-linked color alleles in P. glaucus. Using a maximum-likelihood phylogenetic approach, we reject the hypothesis of monophyly for dark-morph mitochondrial DNA lineages, even in the presence of putative low-frequency mimicry suppressor alleles or alternative melanizing factors. The most likely genealogical tree topologies assume more than one exchange event between mitochondrial DNA cytot...