Density Functional Theory of Magnetization-Driven Phase Transitions in Fluids with Internal Quantum States

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Abstract
We investigate the temperature-density phase diagram of fluids with classical coordinates in two dimensions and two internal quantum states by means of the density functional theory without fitting parameters. At high temperatures, the freezing parameters of the hard-disk fluid are in close agreement with simulation data. At lower temperatures, we observe second-order magnetic transitions and first-order transitions from ferromagnetic liquid to ferromagnetic hexagonal solid phases as well as coexistence between a paramagnetic gas and a ferromagnetic square lattice solid. The topology of the obtained phase diagram is supported by recent quantum simulations.