The Speaking Machine of Wolfgang von Kempelen

Abstract
Wolfgang von Kempelen (1734-1804) produced the 1st speaking maching worthy of the name around 1780. This paper gives his backgroud, a descr. of the apparatus he built, and a discussion of the methods used in producing the various sounds, fitting his work into the overall picture of speech-imitation from speaking idols of ancient times to automatic electrical reconstruction of speech today. For portraying to the eye the physiol. characteristics of speech there are discussed the more outstanding methods from claimed symbolic alphabets of ancient languages to recent visible speech.

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