Handling and Crowding Stress Reduces Number of Plaque-Forming Cells in Atlantic Salmon

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Abstract
This study investigated how handling juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and rearing them in fresh water at densities of 8, 32, and 64 kg·m-3 affect plasma cortisol concentration and ability to produce plaque-forming cells (pfcs) from anterior kidney lymphocytes. Chronic plasma cortisol concentrations were higher in fish reared at 64 kg·m-3 than in fish reared at 8 or 32 kg·m-3. The number of antibody-producing pfcs from anterior kidney lymphocytes in fish reared at a density of 64 kg·m-3 was significantly lower than in fish reared at 8 or 32 kg·m-3.

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