Toroidal Alfvén eigenmode-induced ripple trapping

Abstract
Toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes are shown to be capable of inducing ripple trapping of high‐energy particles in tokamaks, causing intense localized particle loss. The effect has been observed in TFTR [R. Hawryluk, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 33, 1509 (1991)].