Polar and Nonpolar Interactions in Adhesion

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Abstract
Equations for polar and nonpolar interactions across the interface are developed by using energy additivity concept in a semi-continuum model. Interfacial and surface tensions of molten polymers are measured directly and used to test the resulting equations: The first expression may be called the harmonic-mean equation preferred for low energy systems such as organic liquids, water, polymers, and organic pigments. The second may be called the geometric-harmonic-mean equation preferred for high energy systems such as mercury, glass, metal oxides and graphite. The third may be called the geometric mean equation which is found unsatisfactory. The harmonic-mean equation is used to obtain the “optimum” wettability condition for adhesion. The importance of polar interactions and matching of the polarity are analyzed and emphasized.