Effects of inhibitors on early protein, RNA, and lipid synthesis in germinating vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores of Glomus caledonium

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Abstract
The incorporation of isotopically labelled precursors, [1-14C]leucine, [2-14C]uracil and [1-14C]acetate, by germinating spores of the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus caledonium was investigated after prior incubation with several metabolic inhibitors. Inhibition of isotope incorporation was greatest with ethidium bromide and cycloheximide and least with chloramphenicol and actinomycin D. The incorporation of [1-14C]leucine into protein was reduced by 92% within 60 min of incubation in either ethidium bromide at 5 μg/mL or cycloheximide at 100 μg/mL. For these studies time zero was coincident with dry quiescent spores being first wet. Lipid synthesis during germination of the spores was detected at 120 min by following the incorporation of [1-14C]acetate. At 51 h, incorporation was greater in the triacylglycerides and diacylglycerides than in the free sterols, phospholipids, or free fatty acid. Spores exposed to cycloheximide for 60 min after imbibition showed very little phospholipid synthesis and no free fatty acid synthesis. The synthesis of RNA after spore imbibition is also discussed.