Hall Effect in Dielectric Media: Microwave X-Band Faraday Rotation of Water Adsorbed on Hemoglobin

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Abstract
The structure of bound water molecules in crystalline, bovine hemoglobin powder is investigated with a microwave technique of Faraday rotation at a frequency of 9.36 Gc/sec. An expression for the Faraday rotation due to displacement-current Hall field is derived in terms of dipole concentrations of free water molecules and is applied to measure the changes from free water to bound water molecules on hemoglobin with variable amounts of adsorbed water. In agreement with the theory, the experimental result shows a linear relationship between the angle of rotation and the concentration of free water dipoles up to the hydration level of 0.13 g of water per gram of dry hemoglobin. Above this hydration level, the formation of icelike structures on the surface of hemoglobin is discussed based on our experimental results.

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