Preparation and Characteristics of a Channel Electron Multiplier

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Abstract
We prepare channel electron multipliers from appropriately shaped glass tubing with an inner coating consisting of a glass which contains 60% Bi2O3. Heat treatment of the device in a hydrogen atmosphere at 470°C produces a conductive coating inside of the tubing. The pulse height distribution of these multipliers narrows drastically with increasing operating voltage, its full width at half‐maximum being about 10%–30% at a gain of about 108. The dark count rate is typically below 0.01 counts/sec. We also give a simple trigger circuit which converts the multiplier pulses into TTL compatible digital pulses. The quantum efficiency of the conductive coating for low energy electrons is nearly unity. The multiplier responds to photons with energies as low as 5 eV. The quantum yield increases up to values of about 10−2 for 10 eV photons if the conductive coating at the cathode is covered with a thin CsI layer.

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