Effects of the calcium antagonist gallopamil on the increase of myocardial extracellular potassium activity during LAD occlusion in dogs

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Abstract
It has been implied that the increase of myocardial extracellular potassium activity ([K+]c) in the early stage of acute myocardial ischemia is a major cause of the increased likelihood of arrhythmia after acute coronary artery occlusion. There is also experimental evidence that some calcium antagonists reduce the occurrence of ischemia-induced early ventricular arrhythmias. In order to clarify the antiarrhythmic effect of gallopamil during the early phase of acute LAD occlusion, the influence of this calcium antagonist on the time course of [K+]c during acute ischemia was measured in open-chest anesthetized dogs using a K+-selective surface multielectrode. The regional myocardial blood flow was determined with 9 μm radioactive tracer microspheres. After application of gallopamil (bolus, 25 μg/kg and infusion 2.5 μg/kg·min for 30 min) the maximal and mean rate of rise of [K+]c as well as the plateau of [K+]c reached during ischemia were significantly diminished compared with the control occlusions. 90 min after gallopamil, the rate of rise of [K+]c as well as the plateau of [K+]c reached were still significantly reduced, but 180 min after the gallopamil application, no significant differences between the time course of [K+]c and that of the two control occlusions could be found. Gallopamil significantly elevated, myocardial blood flow in the non-ischemic area, but did not influence blood flow in the ischemic region. While collateral perfusion remains unchanged, the slowed and reduced increase of myocardial [K+]c during acute coronary artery occlusion may be an important component of the antiarrhythmic effect of gallopamil during early ischemia.