Interrelations between actions of parathyroid hormone and estrogens on bone and blood in avian species

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Abstract
The level of calcium was measured in whole serum and ultrafiltrates of serum of roosters and laying hens following parathyroidectomy or after treatment with parathyroid extract, and in the presence or absence of the effects of endogenous or exogenous estrogens. The results were correlated with changes in: a) the weight of various endocrine organs influencing calcium metabolism in avian species, and b) microradiographic and histologic sections of the bones. The parathyroid hormone and estrogen had an additive effect upon the serum calcium, rather than a synergistic action. The effect of each hormone was readily distinguished by the interpretation that while ultrafilterable calcium was under parathyroid control, the large increase in the nonultrafilterable fraction under the influence of estrogen depended upon the formation of a calcium phosphoproteinate complex the liver. Under all conditions, the interrelations between the ultrafilterable and the nonultrafilterable fractions of the serum calcium were those dependent upon a mass-law equilibrium.