Assessment and Treatment Approaches for Survivors of Torture

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Abstract
Background: Torture, with its personal, cultural, political and psychosocial effects, is presented as a complex trauma. The efficacy of different treatment modalities for those survivors who need assistance is examined critically.Method: International literature searches using MEDLINE and Psych-Info, books and relevant book chapters were examined.Results: One hundred and twenty-five articles were selected for analysis; 30 of the most relevant are discussed.Conclusions: Discrete approaches to treatment have been developed, but many have yet to be evaluated critically. Common therapeutic elements are outlined. It is recommended that an integrated, flexible, client-centred approach utilising several techniques is most likely to achieve best results. Wider socio-political aspects should be taken into account, and treatment must be consistent with cultural expectations. Future directions for research are outlined and the role of primary prevention is stressed.

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