Fidelity of G protein β-subunit association by the G protein γ-subunit-like domains of RGS6, RGS7, and RGS11

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Abstract
Several regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins contain a G protein γ-subunit-like (GGL) domain, which, as we have shown, binds to Gβ5 subunits. Here, we extend our original findings by describing another GGL-domain-containing RGS, human RGS6. When RGS6 is coexpressed with different Gβ subunits, only RGS6 and Gβ5 interact. The expression of mRNA for RGS6 and Gβ5 in human tissues overlaps. Predictions of α-helical and coiled-coil character within GGL domains, coupled with measurements of Gβ binding by GGL domain mutants, support the contention that Gγ-like regions within RGS proteins interact with Gβ5 subunits in a fashion comparable to conventional Gβ/Gγ pairings. Mutation of the highly conserved Phe-61 residue of Gγ2 to tryptophan, the residue present in all GGL domains, increases the stability of the Gβ5/Gγ2 heterodimer, highlighting the importance of this residue to GGL/Gβ5 association.