Symptoms and Signs of Multiple Sclerosis

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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) may present in a multitude of ways and many times the initial symptom of MS is not recognized until the occurrence of a second symptom. The medical literature is replete with case reports of unusual presentations of MS, as lesions can be found in virtually any area of the central nervous system (CNS) and therefore cause a variety of symptoms. This chapter confines itself to the so-called primary symptoms of MS, that is, those caused by direct damage to the CNS, whether it is acute and inflammatory or progressive and degenerative, or a combination of the two, rather than secondary symptoms which may occur because of the primary symptom. It attempts to lead the history-taker through the steps that MS clinicians take in sorting out the symptoms which are likely to be MS and turn to how one can find confirmation for these symptoms on neurological examination.

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