Reciprocal translocation and the Philadelphia chromosome

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Abstract
We examined metaphases from three patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia and a typical Philadelphia chromosome with one chromosome 9 as the recipient to determine whether the 9q+ 22q- translocation is reciprocal. Good quality G-banded photographs of the chromosomes concerned were subjected to light absorption density analysis. This provided enlarged tracings corresponding to the relevant chromosome regions and so facilitated accurate measurement. This technique has unambiguously shown that the typical Philadelphia chromosome results from a reciprocal translocation and that probably no material is gained or lost in the exchange. Furthermore, in a total of six patients for whom sequential G and C banding was performed, the chromosome 9 with the largest block of centromeric heterochromatin received the translocated material. We offer tentative explanations for this curious observation.