Interface formation of Ca with poly(p-phenylene vinylene)

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Abstract
We have investigated the interface formation of Ca with poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (PPV) using x‐ray photoemission spectroscopy. The most significant part of our findings was the very late occurrence of band bending at the Ca/PPV interface and the lack of strong reaction between the Ca overlayer with the PPV substrate, indicating that the Schottky barrier formation in Ca/PPV was a slow process. The late barrier formation at the Ca/PPV interface may be due to the shielding by surface oxygen impurities, part of which underwent calcium oxide formation at the interface.