Resistance of human cells to tumorigenesis induced by cloned transforming genes.

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Abstract
The transformation of human cells was examined by transfection of cloned oncogenic DNAs derived from the tumor virus simian virus 40 and from the human bladder carcinoma cell line EJ into diploid fibroblasts derived from foreskin (FS-2 cells). The simian virus 40 DNA was found to induce a morphologically transformed phenotype, leading to easily detectable focus formation. Tumor antigen was produced, but the transformed cells were not tumorigenic in the nude mouse. The EJ gene, a mutant form of the cellular c-Ha-ras gene, actively transforms NIH/3T3 mouse cells and CHEF/18 hamster cells but is inactive in FS-2 cells. Morphological transformation, focus formation, and tumorigenicity in nude mice were not induced when EJ DNA was transfected into FS-2 cells by using the selectable vector pSVgptEJ. The intactness of the transfected EJ DNA was established by restriction fragment analysis. This result raises the question of what role, if any, the mutated gene derived from the EJ cells played in the origin of the EJ bladder carcinoma.