Grinding and Lapping Stresses in Manganese Oil-Hardening Tool Steel

Abstract
The biaxial stress distributions resulting from grinding and lapping annealed manganese oil-hardening tool steel were determined by sectioning the stressed surface layers and following the changes in curvature of the test specimens by optical interferometry. Two methods of sectioning, lapping, and chemical etching were tested and evaluated. Results of the study show that the plastic deformation which gives rise to the residual stress is at least partially due to mechanical forces exerted upon the surface by the abrasive grains and cannot be explained by forces of thermal origin alone. Grinding stresses were found to fluctuate rapidly close to the surface, the highest stresses being confined to a surface layer about 0.0001 in. thick. Depth of stress penetration increased with depth of cut over the range tested. Lapping stresses were found to have a nearly constant compressive value throughout the surface layer affected which, for the conditions investigated, was about 0.0002 in. thick.

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