Thermodynamic approach for laser action and (vibrational) multiphoton excitation

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Abstract
Using the framework of statistical mechanics, the laser is treated as a thermodynamical machine which converts heat into electromagnetic energy. Conditions are defined for smooth emission and for spontaneous pulsing (relaxation oscillation). The treatment allows precise predictions about the phase fluctuations of the produced radiation. The results are applied to the action of laser radiaton of molecular oscillators. The role of phase fluctuations on the process of multiphoton absorption of energy is stressed.