Relation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels with metabolic syndrome among US adults.

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Abstract
Objective: Previous research on the combined association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) with metabolic syndrome may have been limited by restricted age variability and a lack of representation of the general population. This study examined the combined association of 25(OH)D and PTH with Adult Treatment Panel III-defined MetSyn among a nationally representative sample of US adults.Design and methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 834 men and 820 women aged ≥20 years without diagnosed diabetes who completed a physical examination as part of the 2003–2004 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Results: After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, lifestyle factors, total calcium, and energy intake, the odds ratio (OR) for MetSyn in the highest quintile of 25(OH)D (median 88.0 nmol/l) compared with the lowest quintile (median 26.8 nmol/l) was 0.27 (0.15, 0.46;PtrendPtrendPinteraction 0.6) or age (< or ≥50 years;Pinteraction 0.2). In contrast, the multivariable-adjusted odds for MetSyn increased with increasing PTH among older men (Ptrend0.004), but not younger men (Ptrend0.4) or women regardless of age (Ptrend0.4 in younger and older women).Conclusions: These data suggest an inverse association of 25(OH)D with MetSyn, independent of potential confounding factors, calcium intake, and PTH, and a positive association of PTH with MetSyn among older men.