Exclusive processes in perturbative quantum chromodynamics

We present a systematic analysis in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) of large-momentum-transfer exclusive processes. Predictions are given for the scaling behavior, angular dependence, helicity structure, and normalization of elastic and inelastic form factors and large-angle exclusive scattering amplitudes for hadrons and photons. We prove that these reactions are dominated by quark and gluon subprocesses at short distances, and thus that the dimensional-counting rules for the power-law falloff of these amplitudes with momentum transfer are rigorous predictions of QCD, modulo calculable logarithmic corrections from the behavior of the hadronic wave functions at short distances. These anomalous-dimension corrections are determined by evolution equations for process-independent meson and baryon "distribution amplitudes" $\phi (x_i, Q)$ which control the valence-quark distributions in high-momentum-transfer exclusive reactions. The analysis can be carried out systematically in powers of ${\alpha }_s\left(Q^2\right)$, the QCD running coupling constant. Although the calculations are most conveniently carried out using light-cone perturbation theory and the light-cone gauge, we also present a gauge-independent analysis and relate the distribution amplitude to a gauge-invariant Bethe-Salpeter amplitude.