Hydropneumatic apparatus for the Czochralski growth of crystals

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Abstract
An inexpensive hydropneumatically operated crystal puller is described. The basic apparatus provides infinitely variable pulling rates up to over 100 mm h−1. At rates over 2 mm h−1, the short term variations are less than 3% and long term changes are less than 5% per hour. The rotation rate is smoothly variable from zero to about 140 rev min−1 with a drift of less than 5% per hour at any given speed. The apparatus has been used with a variety of growth assemblies to grow crystals of materials with melting points in the range 270-2000°C.

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