Freshwater amphipods as biomonitors of metal pollution in surface and interstitial aquatic systems

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Abstract
SUMMARY: 1. The relationships between levels of metals (Zn, Cu) in the environment (water, sediment) and in the tissues of three species of amphipod crustaceans were investigated in superficial and interstitial ecosystems of the Rivers Rhone and Ain, France.2. Epigean and hypogean amphipods differed in their ability to accumulate Zn and Cu. At all sites, Gammarus fossarum (epigean) showed lower Zn or Cu body concentrations than Niphargus of, rhenorhodanensis or Niphargopsis casparyi (hypogean). Differences were also observed between the two interstitial taxa.3. A significant difference among sites was observed for metal concentrations in sediment. In contrast, no significant inter‐site differences were found for metal concentrations in organisms.4. No significant correlation was found between metal concentrations in the three taxa and quantities of metals in the water. A positive correlation was observed between Zn and Cu body content in Gammarus fossarum and metal level in the sediment. No relationships were found between interstitial amphipods and metal concentrations in the sediment.5. Differences in accumulation rates among the three amphipod species suggest their potential use as biological indicators for monitoring metal pollution.